Plastic ban Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plastic boycott - Essay Example As of late, there was a movement to boycott the utilization of plastic packs in Oregon. The point is to finance utilization of plastic packs by forcing an assessment on the buyers (Ketcham 1). The prohibition on plastic sacks will affect adversely on the lives of individuals monetarily because of loss of employments and extra duties being collected on the residents. There are many negative factors that will be because of the boycott. Plastics have been in presence since the sixteenth century. They are a result of oil extricates. The removed synthetic compounds are warmed under tension and afterward formed into clear shapes for different utilizations in family units and even in enterprises (American Chemistry Council). Plastic packs are a result of the above procedure. They have a great deal of employments in ventures and even in families. Plastic sacks are chiefly utilized for bundling purposes in shops comprehensively. This makes transportation of merchandise helpful. Plastic packs are likewise utilized away of different substances. They are waterproof and this guarantees the put away substance isn't corrupted by dampness in the climate. In family units, plastic sacks are utilized to gather squander materials. Nonetheless, plastic packs add to ecological contamination. They are non biodegradable and this makes their removal tedious and costly (Friedman 2). The point of putting a prohibition on their utilization is to help decrease ecological contamination by empowering their reusing. It isn't conservative monetarily to boycott the utilization of plastic packs in Oregon. A great deal of time and cash has been spent on financing the discussion on the utilization of plastic sacks (Eoin 1). The cash that is being depleted to enlist investigators to choose the duty to be forced can be directed into the board exercises that will deliver a general decrease in natural contamination. The assessment being collected for utilization of plastic sacks by buyers decline their pay. A factual report by Wayne shows that every year, an individual will utilize $ 27 in purchasing of

Philosophy Exam Questions Essay

 1.what is delicate determinism? Delicate determinism( compatibilism) is the precept that decided activities can all things considered be free.  2. What is conventional compatibilism? Conventional compatibilism is the precept that free activities are brought about by one’s will and not remotely compelled. 3. What is stace’s clarification of how the entirety of our activities have causes ,yet a few activities are free?  His clarification is those demonstrations that are legitimately cause by the inner mental conditions of the specialist are free. we can be considered dependable just for the demonstrations we perform uninhibitedly. 4. What is Taylor’s keen physiologist thought experiment?What is Taylor’s illicit drug use thought experiment?how do these two examinations sabotage conventional compatibilism?  Taylor’s smart physiologist psychological test is about a man who is snared to wires and constrained by different catch, similar to Frankenstein. Taylor’s chronic drug use psychological test is tied in with being dependent on drugs essentially by being given the medications over a course of time. These two investigations subvert conventional compatibilism in light of the fact that in the clever physiologist try both of the states of customary compatibilism are met yet the individual being controlled activities aren’t free since his wants are not his own. They originate from the physiologist, not from himself.in Taylor’s illicit drug use analyze subverts customary compatibilism in such a case that your will is heavily influenced by you your activities aren’t free. 5. What is frankfurt’s choice inducer psychological study? How can it endeavor to subvert the conventional thought of duty?  Frankfurt’s choice actuate psychological study portrays a circumstance wherein jones can’t do in any case since dark won’t let him.but on the off chance that jones does what dark needs him to manage without blacks interceding, at that point jones is liable for what he does despite the fact that he couldn’t have done something else.  6. What is progressive compatilism? Various leveled compatibilism is the regulation that free activities are causedâ by second-request volitions that one definitively relates to. 7. What is slote’s mesmerized patient psychological test? How can it endeavor to subvert various leveled compatibilism? >> Slote’s mesmerized patient psychological test is about a man who is uncertain between x any y so he visits a trance specialist who initiated him into ruling for x. It endeavors to subvert various leveled compatibilism 3.3 1. What is the libertarian contention? The libertarian contention is our free activities are heavily influenced by us since they are brought about by our selves. Your wants must be your own. 2. What reason of this contention is acknowledged by the two libertarians and hard determinists? 3. What is occasion causation? Occasion causation will be causation that happens when one occasion causes another. 4. What is operator causation? Specialist causation will be causation that happens when an operator (self, individual) causes an occasion.  5. a few people guarantee that our experience doesn't give proof that we at times act freely.what is their argument?what is the libertarian answer to this contention?

Jazz and Latin Music free essay sample

Portray a portion of the impact of Latin music in the US in the early piece of the twentieth century. ; The impact of Latin music in the us in the early piece of the twentieth century was the beginning of another sort of music called Afro-Cuban Jazz 2. What was the essentialness of Machismo and His Afro:Cubans? ;The centrality of Machismo and His Afro-Cubans was there production of Afro:Cuban Jazz. They additionally spoke to a scaffold interface two totally different universes and making accomplishment with white individuals. 3. How did Dizzy Gillespie Incorporate Latin music Into his music? ;Mixed up Gillespie fused Latin music Into his music by Inviting an afro-Cuban percussionist named Chant and working with him. 4. What was the Palladium? The Palladium was at one time a move studio situated In mellow town Manhattan which was later changed Into the home of the Mambo. 5. How did the TV and movies Increase the presentation of the US to Latin music? ; Slowly however most likely everybody got comfortable with It. We will compose a custom article test on Jazz and Latin Music or on the other hand any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The TV show l Love Lucy helped by indicating that a white lady can be with a Cuban man. Just as him being Cuban, he played music on his shows. 6. How did Latin music impact rock music?Latin music affected awesome music by giving stone a similar harmony movement, bass lines, and mood. 7. For what reason do you think Latin music had such an extraordinary impact on the advancement of famous music? ; My supposition on Latin music having such an incredible effect on the improvement of mainstream music is that since Latin music has such perky and fun rhythms everybody can appreciate tuning in to them. 8. Do you imagine that any of the music that you tune in to has Latin impacts? Why or why not? ; Yes, I accept that the music that I tune in to has Latin impacts thinking about that I just tune in to for the most part backchat and salsa.

Wrapping the semester up for portfolio Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Wrapping the semester up for portfolio - Article Example Furthermore, Montaigne detests remorselessness against living things. He addresses the assumption that people can and should control over different animals when the previous could be so unfeeling to the last mentioned. He gives instances of how antiquated people groups detested pitilessness against individuals and creatures as well, even the individuals who/that have wronged them. Montaigne contends that torment and capital punishment are instances of human brutality. He doesn't favor of remorselessness on the grounds that it disregards the human reasonableness for empathy and it transforms people into uncaring beasts. Jane Kramer portrays Montaigne’s works about the â€Å"self,† most particularly, his â€Å"self.† Montaigne was 38 years of age when he began composing his expositions for the reason for seeking after â€Å"Myself† or his character. Kramer exhorts that individuals can best peruse Montaigne through his own perception of himself. By oneself, she alludes to Montaigne’s second life, since his personality in his works is disengaged from his reality. She asks why Montaigne didn't talk with more insights regarding his life. He didn't interface his convictions to his own encounters as a lawmaker, family man, and a man with religion. She shows this more likely than not enhanced his musings about a lot more issues. She includes that Montaigne didn't examine other significant political and social issues in his time as well. Also, Kramer takes note of that Montaigne reprimands his articles for absence of solidarity. He additionally confesses to dreading dread t he vast majority of all, in spite of the fact that, before he kicked the bucket, he acknowledged his dread of void that comes in the afterlife. Kramer closes with Montaigne’s want to be legislator once more. Be that as it may, before he comes back to a political post, he has gotten excessively tired of his kidney stones to play out his political capacities. WikiHow portrays the technique for composing a five passage paper. It begins with a presentation that establishes the pace and snares the crowd. The snare must be trailed by the point and afterward the theory. The postulation must be intelligible and

Invading Privacy of Celebrities Essay Example for Free

Attacking Privacy of Celebrities Essay Most entertainers/on-screen characters feels that press are attacking their private lives and their upset about it. . Maybe, the principle reason is on the grounds that famous people are considered as open figure. Being found in the TV and papers habitually they should set as genuine guide to others. The press ought to have constraints on what theyre appearing to the individuals. In the event that they find that one entertainer is pregnant its the privilege of the individual whether to deny or come clean. At that point, you regard the on-screen character and they won't be outraged. Following that, journalists work is to uncover an open relating to a renowned character. At the point when they find a scoop with respect to a specific superstar they ought to explain it to the individual include as opposed to making up stories to make it additionally intriguing for open to hear. In that manner theyre being reasonable enough to the VIP and at a similar path to the individuals who will watch or read their accounts. . Likewise, practically totally known individual in the business they dont need their families to be associated with their issues. Press and media should handle just on the craftsman not on their families. Since they are harmed with the way that they are the VIP but even their friends and family will be influenced and endures when pundits eyes are on them. In that manner they won't feel that their lives are barged in by press individuals. . To summarize, there are scope of choices accessible with the goal that famous people won't state that media are not regarding their protection. Its simply a question of understanding each other to accomplish what they need.

The Bullwhip Effect In Pharmaceutical Industry Karachi Business Essay - Free Essay Example

The bullwhip effect was the enlargement of demand fluctuations, not the amplification of the demand. The bullwhip effect was obvious in a supply chain when demand rose up and goes down. The effect was that these could be rise up and goes down were blown up the supply chain. The spirit of the bullwhip result was that information to suppliers tends to have larger difference than sales to the purchaser. The additional chains in the supply chain the more multifaceted this matter becomes. This modification of demand was enlarged the further than insist was passed up the supply chain. During this research, there were a lot of reasons behind this amplification of demand of the products in pharmaceutical industry of Karachi and some of the causes that the bullwhip result occurred comprise the following: Over act in response to the backlog orders. Very little or no communication linking supply chain partners. Holdup times between order dealing out, demand, and receiving of products. Order batching: method for declining of ordering costs due to discounts for larger order, transport expense reduced by ordering full-truck loads, etc. Confines on order size (i.e. retailers could arrange goods in cases of 10 from trader; though, distributors take deliv ery of orders in cases of 1,000) Imprecise demand forecasts. Free of charge return policies. Cost fluctuations Short gaming Delay in lead time The research work includes measuring the bullwhip effect in Pharmaceutical industry Karachi, for that there must be know about the pharma sector of Karachi. Through finding from general survey the research concluded that there were more than 400 qualified pharmaceutical companies in Pakistan, including the 30 multinationals that have 40 percent of the market share. Approximately half of Pakistans total expenditure or consumption of pharmaceuticals were imported and there were also local manufacturing concept emerging now days due to technology transfer of many products from international countries to Pakistan. After the brief analysis of the pharmaceutical industry and the bullwhip effect that affects the demand of the product in the market so eventually caused the problem in sales and marketing due to many reasons. The bullwhip effect involves and turns around the terminology that was the usually involved in Supply chain which was the procedure of planning, executing, and scheming the operations as professionally as possible. Supply Chain extent all association and storage of raw resources, work-in-process records, and finished possessions from point-of-origin to the point-of-usage. Further, supply chain involves four district yet interrelated flows. These flows include material, information, ownership, and payment flows. Successful marketing required a successful supply chain management that ultimately requires planning, managing and controlling these four flows all the way through the incorporation of key procedure, from new suppliers through manufactures, retailers to the end-users, which produce values to the ultimate consumers. Lambert et al (1998) stated that supply chain management emphasizes close coordination among the diverse companies involved in the chain. It requires supply chain m embers to recognize which was part of the complex network. All the companies involved in the network were important in establishing a desired level of customer service in the supply chain and satisfying their customers requirements. These companies were interdependent in such a way that an individual companys performance affects the performance of other members of the supply chain. If there was a problem in one company, the company consequently causes other problems in other areas and weakens the effectiveness of the whole supply chain. Since, a supply chain involves many players and different practices and policies, those complexities result in higher degree of uncertainty and dynamic within a supply chain of the pharmaceutical industry of Karachi. In the marketing of the products one of the backbones involved was the supply chain in business includes the stages, which were built to fulfill the demand of the customers. A typical supply chain usually includes raw material supplie rs, manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers, and end customers. In supply chain, the variability of order quantity may significantly add to relative to the unpredictability of the end customer demand. In practical operation of any supply chain, the downstream members of the chain would observe the demand and transmit it to the upstream members by the replenishment orders. The information distortion during this transmission process had been observed and referred to as the bullwhip effect. In the presence of bullwhip effect, a small variation in the demand of the end customer may cause large variation in the demand facing by supplier. After analyzing the above facts Supply chain management which was considered as one the major and biggest topic in our analysis as follows: Mentzer et al. (2001): stated that the systematic, strategic co-ordination of the conventional business function and the strategy across these business functions within in specific company and transversely business surrounded by the supply chain, for the reason of enhancing the lasting presentation of the entity companies and the supply chain as an entire. Lummus et al (2001): included the logistic flows, client order organization, the manufacture process, and the information stream necessary to monitor all the behavior at the supply chain sites. Min and Mentzer (2000): showed that the to manage the stream of a allocation control from the provider to the final client. Lambert et al (1998): observed that to get the most out of competitiveness and profitability for the company as well as the whole supply chain network, including the end-customer. Turner (1993): said that the technique that looks at all the links in the sequence from unprocessed materials dealer, through a variety of levels of developing, to warehousing and allocation to the ending customers. Christopher (1992): studied that the supply chain was the system of organization that was concerned, through upstream and do wnstream linkage, in the dissimilar procedure and actions that each creates value in the shape of goods and services in the offer of the final consumer. Cavinato (1992): studied that the supply chain consisted of vigorously managed channels of procurement and distribution and that it was made up of a group of firms that adds value along the products flow from original raw material to final customer. Lee and Billington (1992): showed that networks of manufacturing and distribution sites that procured raw material, transformed them into intermediate and finished products, and finally distribute the finished products to customer In order to cover the topic of demand fluctuation, there must address the below problems that ultimately covered the Bullwhip effect and its tactics: Distribution Network: Number, location of the partners in supply chain, facilities in production, different centers related to distribution, store rooms and final customers. Distribution planning: C entralized against uncentralised, direct transportation, Cross docking, pull or push ways, 3PL. Information: Processes of the supply chain to create the sharing valuable information. Inventory Management. 1.1 Value Chain Of pharmaceutical Industry Karachi: The Bullwhip Effect was an effect in forecast or demand driven distribution channels. Because customer ordering demand was very few perfectly stable, the businesses must be have forecast demand. Forecasts were usually dependent on technical data, and were rarely exact. Companies usually prefer to have avoided forecast errors by having a buffer stock. In this scenario there was a demand in stream from up to down with the variations in effects. Increasing global competition in the world market made the supply chain management more critical. Although people tried to avoid the influence of bullwhip effect, unfortunately, it always exists in every supply chains. Many researchers examined the bullwhip effect and managerial approaches to relieve bullwhip effect were also proposed. However, little research had been conducted on quantifying this effect and measurement of bullwhip effect still remains a challenging research direction Causes of Bullwhip effect: There were following causes of bullwhip effect: Demand processing (in conjunction with long lead times): This referred to misinformation which may propagate up to the supply chain if only local information was used to take decisions under uncertainty. Long lead times could amplify this fact, since the longer the lead time, the higher the target inventory level set in the replenishment model. Batching of the Orders: Batching existed because companies look for economies (e.g. large quantities discounts, full truck shipments, etc.) or because actually resort to MRP systems, which were usually run on a monthly basis. Price fluctuations. When there were price fluctuations, upstream actors tend to concentrate their orders and build up stocks; then there would be place no orders in the following periods since large amounts of inventory. As a result, a stable demand pattern could be significantly altered, and the BE may arise. Lummus et al. (2003) studied the impact of price promo tions and other marketing initiatives on supply chain, while Rinks (2002) proposed a simulation study replicating the data structure of the Beer Game that showed that once a fluctuation was triggered, it may take more that 20 periods for the system to come back to a steady state. When price promotions were run on a regular basis, this implies a steady state could never be reached, and the systems behavior appears to be chaotic. Rationing and shortage gaming: When demand was larger than production capacity, the manufacturer rations products to its customers according to the size of the orders. If the customers recognize the rationing criterion, that would react by inflating orders, so to get the desired amount of products, and by later canceling the excessive ordered quantity. As a consequence, the manufacturer had a poor perception of the actual demand. Forward buying: Goods may be purchased in earlier stage of the actual demand to take benefit of cost promotions. Bullwhip Effect resulted in too many swings in various demands or inventory stocking points throughout the supply chain. This swing was also likely to be wider upstream in supply chain. Owing to the excessive swings and the amplification of demands, the Bullwhip Effect was a major concern for participants involve in a supply chain and marketing. The increase variability and uncertainty required each member to increase the level of stocks in order to maintain established service levels causing increased inventory holding costs due to overstocking throughout the supply chain, and lead to insufficient use of resources and eventually results in poor customer service and profitability. Because of the bullwhip effect had the detrimental impacts on the performance of the whole supply chain; many researchers had attempted to identify possible causes of bullwhip effects. 1.3 Pharmaceutical Industry Karachi: In Pakistan, there were around 400 pharmaceutical companies operating under the umbrella of pharmaceutical industry. Including 30 multinationals and who had good enough market position while others were local generic companies, now a days the situation was totally changed the local companies were emerging in the pharmaceutical market because of their cheap technology and labor as well as there were not bound to procure raw materials from the validated plants by higher authorities in this way, captured profit and focus on sales increase rather than qualities,. So in order to calculate the bullwhip effect in the pharmaceutical industry which was the main cause of sales fluctuation had focused on pharmaceutical industry. Towards market potential then usually had seen that the pharmaceutical industry was good for many therapeutic segments including anti-biotic, vaccines, and analgesics, anti cancerous or hematological drugs. Through the geographic survey the Health sector had budget ar ound 40 billion, which merely increased every year by 15 16 percent. The existing network of those people related to medical representatives consisted of about 1000 hospitals, about 100 maternity and child birth centers and around 300 tuberculosis centers etc. Pakistan pharmaceutical industry was composed largely on multinational companies which were producing marketing research based or innovative products and also other small or bigger local companies which were predominantly produced and market generic products in Pakistan. There were many economic drives and some of them were illustrated down the line: Awareness Programs on issues related to health and realization amongst the population for the same Health securities by the emphasis of government Marketing research data by national companies Increase per capital income which provided high disposable income for health related matters Large population of Pakistan Export opportunities Production process improvement New generic molecules by cheaper raw materials Cheap raw material sources from abroad Chinese machinery system for manufacturing the products New generations entrepreneur in the local companies Increase in sales and marketing expenditures Doctors prescriptions were the main source of sales in pharmaceutical industry 1.5 Healthy Competition of Pakistan Pharmaceutical Industry: The Pakistan pharmaceutical industry was increasing day by day in growth. The utility rates and other factors of production have been increased in steady rate over the last couple of years. Prices of drugs were increasing since 2008 and china revoking its export by supplying to Pakistan. Here the point should be well noted that the china and India were exporting their raw materials and different and unique machineries to Pakistan in a huge quantity. Mostly the machineries were imported from China, Taiwan, Korea, India, Germany, UK, USA and Japan besides other countries 10% of the demand was fulfilled by the local fabricated equipments. Furthermore, World trade organization had shown a significant impact on pharmaceutical trade in shape of National treatment programs in which other parties get tender through WTO and in return their sales increases, another option was harmonization of standard through ICH guidelines which required intensive capital requirement to come to the pharma i ndustry business last but not the least was the TRIPS agreement in which the patented documents were there and generic manufacturing companies cannot come under this unless and until would had patents for their own product or molecule. In view of above factors organizations had to make themselves stronger to capture the pharmaceutical market in Pakistan and grow in the same field. One of the backbones factor was information system in pharmaceutical industry which was the main or core system that should be smooth to carry out the process in the industry because it did not had any physical existence in pharmaceuticals. Information connected the serve between various stages in manufacturing or marketing or supply chain in pharmaceutical industry which coordinated and brought new and innovative ideas to maximize the sales in pharmaceutical industry. Also, in order to perform the daily operations in the processes. The coordination occurs when all the processes in the supply chain w ere performed under secure and beneficial information that boost the sales in pharmaceutical industry. The information sharing process was involved in each and every stage of the operations and reduces the losses in the supply chain. Another important matter was forecasting which was the art and science of making projections about future demands and circumstances would be in the pharma industry. Future sales could be depicted through the forecasting techniques in the pharma industry. The company made a plan to act on the forecast. The forecasting technique should have been perfect and accurate so that the demand could be fulfilled to the customers. Any ignorance in the supply chain could bear losses in huge so the forecasting should be done in a well mannered to avoid any shortages in the market for fulfilling customers demand. Pricing was a process of gaining profit for a firm that how much had charge to the customers for their goods or services. Demand and supply information wa s a special input for pricing in pharmaceutical industry. A firm had to understand the impact of pricing and the competition amongst the competitors due to prices of the products. For effective revenue management the supply chain must have good information about the products and their pricing strategy. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Frank Chen (1998) summarized the study on enumerate the effect of the bullwhip in a simple way of supply chain and the affect of predictions, due time, and sources. The author quantified the bullwhip effect by using retailer and a single manufacturer and emphasized on the causes of the bullwhip effect in which focused on the demand forecasting and order lead times. Author focused on determining the impact of demand forecasting on the bullwhip effect and secondly, not only to find out the presence of the bullwhip effect, but also to quantify and measure the bullwhip effect, i.e., to quantify the increase in unpredictability or variability at each stage either in retailer, manufacturer or wholesaler side. In this research author had used the retailer information and observed the level of inventory system and their way of ordering to fulfill the demand and if there were any unfilled demand then those demands were backlogged, and also focused on the lead time between an order placed by the retailer and the fulfillment of the order. Lee et al. (1997a, b) identified the five main reasons of the bullwhip effect that were the use of demand forecasting, supply shortages, lead times, batch ordering, and price variations while most of the previous research on the bullwhip effect had focused on demonstrating its existence, identifying its possible grounds that creates bullwhip effect, and the methods of reducing its impact. Lee et al. also suggested the process of centralization of the demand information in each step of the supply chain with full, proper and complete information to fulfill the customer demand. Lee et al. (1997b) studied the measurement of demand by the use of retailer and the lead time and also analyzed the bullwhip effect. The author had also focused on the inventory Policy and forecasting technique which assume that the retailer followed a simple order-up-to inventory policy, also focused on the forecast error while taking the order-up-to point. Not only their findings and studied on the forecasting error and the inventory policy, the author had also studied the relationship between the two quantities. Hax and Candea (1984) studied that after the findings, authors came to the conclusion that it was more appropriate to calculate the inventory policy based on the former quantity. It was also focused that the forecasting was a major variable that could be used to measure the existence of bullwhip effect so this paper also focused on the same concept. To measure the bullwhip effect the author also had determined the variance of the orders placed by the retailer in the direction of the producer relative to the difference of the required goods faced by the vendor where authors have assumed. The important point to understand that the smother the demand forecasts the smaller the increase in variability / deviation and the increase in the variability of orders from the retailer to the manufacturer was a growing purpose of the fro nt time factor. Lee et al. (1997) suggested that one remedy made demand information at a down direction site obtainable to the upstream location. Centralized demand information was a great strategy for reducing the magnitude of the bullwhip effect. i.e., the demand information should be available at every step of the supply chain process or manufacturing till marketing to make customer demand information available. Although it was also a fact that the bullwhip effect still exist even had a centralized demand system by the retailers. That is, even if each stage of the supply chain had complete knowledge of the demands seen by the retailer, the bullwhip effect would still exist. The result in the research paper demonstrated the following three major points of views: All required demand information was centralized Every phase of the supply chain used the identical forecasting technique, and Every stage used the same inventory policy; there would still be an increase in vari ability at every stage of the supply chain. In this paper Lee et al. had demonstrated that the phenomenon known as the bullwhip effect was due to the effects of demand forecasting. More importantly, authors had shown that providing each stage of the supply chain with complete access to customer demand order information could considerably reduce this increase in variability. However, researcher also had shown that the bullwhip effect would still exist even when demand information was shared by all stages of the supply chain and all stages use the same forecasting technique and inventory policy. Even though the retailer had complete knowledge of the observed customer demands, as a result, the manufacturer observed an increase in variability. Indeed, the author had also believed that when evaluating the bullwhip effect it was most appropriate to consider inventory policies and forecasting techniques that were used in practice. Alderson (1957) distinguished and recognized that the interdependence between companies business activities in marketing channels. Forrester (1958) also acknowledged the association and linkages between business activities in marketing channels, e.g. in terms of the communications and connections among the flows of information, resources, wealth, and human resource, and assets gear. Weld (1916) stressed the significance of concentrating on the distribution channel as a whole. Mentzer et al., (2001) addressed the fact that the supply chain from the spot of beginning to the spot of spending. Furthermore, Xu et al., (2001) said that SCM required co-operation and co-ordination between companies activities and resources in a supply chain. Towill, Lee and Billington, (1992) studied that the otherwise, the variability of business activities in a supply chain tend to be amplified as it was moved upstream in the supply chain. Lee et al. (1997a) wrote that the variability of the orders may be greater than that of the sales and the fluctuation tends to rise up as one move upstream in the supply chain. Lee et al. (1997b) also claimed that the information transferred tends to be indistinct and could mislead upstream associated in their accounts and manufacture decisions. This phenomenon was referred to in literature as the bullwhip effect. In fact, practitioners and consultants had struggled to treat with the bullwhip effect, e.g. in the automotive, textile, and retail industries. In the retail industries the terms quick response and efficient consumer response was usually used. Fernie (1994) also demonstrated that those terms, or business philosophies, aim at reducing the unpredictability or variability in supply chains and in the end improves the productivity, profitability, cutting costs and increases the overall presentation or performance of the companys business. The bullwhip effect indicated that the stocks and inventories in the supply chain tend to be higher or greater in the upstream than downs tream, e.g. effects were caused by factors such as deficient information sharing, insufficient market data, deficient forecasts or other uncertainties or unpredictability.

Dating Stonehenge Case Study - 275 Words

Dating Stonehenge (Case Study Sample) Content: Running head: DATING STONEHENGE. 1Statistics: Case Study 3NameInstitutionQUESTION 1 * Step 1.ÂSet up hypotheses and determine level of significanceNull hypothesis: H0: ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.CAlternative hypothesis: H1: ÃŽÂ ¼ 2950 B.C        Î =0.05n = 9 , X= 3033.1 s = 66.9 , ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.C * ÂStep 2.ÂSelect the appropriate test statistic. ÂBecause the sample size is small (n30) the appropriate test statistic isÂ. * Step 3.ÂSet up decision rule. ÂThis is a lower tailed test, using a t statistic and a 5% level of significance.In order to determine the critical value of t, we need degrees of freedom, df, defined as df=n-1. Here df=9-1=8.The critical value for a lower tailed test with df=9 and a =0.05 is Â2.3060 (from t-test tables) and the decision rule is as follows: ÂReject H0Âif tÂÂ2.3060. * ÂStep 4.ÂCompute the test statistic. ÆšWe now substitute the sample data into the formula for the test statistic identified in Step 2. Â9525001854200t = 3033.1 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 295066.9 / à ¢Ã… ¡ 9=3.7265 * Step 5.ÂConclusion. ÂWe do not reject H0Âbecause 3.7265 Â2.3060. We do not have statistically significant evidence at ÃŽ=0.05 to show that the mean date for the construction of the ditch of 2950 B.C is lower than the estimates from unshed antlers excavated from the ditch produced a mean of 3033.1 B.C.QUESTION 2 * Step 1.ÂSet up hypotheses and determine level of significanceNull hypothesis : H0: ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.CAlternative hypothesis: H1: ÃŽÂ ¼ 2950 B.C        Î =0.05n = 3 , X= 2193.3 s = 104.1 , ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.C * Step 2.ÂSelect the appropriate test statistic. ÂBecause the sample size is small (n30) the appropriate test statistic isÂ. * Step 3.ÂSet up decision rule. ÂThis is a lower tailed test, using a t statistic and a 5% level of significance.In order to determine the critical value of t, we need degrees of freedom, df, defined as df=n-1. Here df=3-1=2.The critical value for a lower tailed test with df=3 and a =0.05 is 4.3027 (from t-test tables) and the decision rule is as follows: ÂReject H0Âif tÂÂ4.3027. * ÂStep 4.ÂCompute the test statistic. ÂWe now substitute the sample data into the formula for the test statistic identified in Step 2. Â9525001854200t = 2193.3 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 2950104.1 / à ¢Ã… ¡ 3= -12.5902 * Step 5.ÂConclusion. ÂWe reject H0Âbecause -12.5902Ë 4.3027. We have statistically significant evidence at ÃŽ=0.05 to claim that the population mean age of the Bluestone formations is not different from Corbinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s declared mean age of the ditch, that is, 2950 B.C.QUESTION 3 * Step 1.ÂSet up hypotheses and determine level of significanceNull hypothesis : H0: ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.CAlternative hypothesis: H1: ÃŽÂ ¼ 2950 B.C        Î =0.05n = 3 , X= 1671.7 s = 99.7 , ÃŽÂ ¼ = 2950 B.C * Step 2.ÂSelect the appropriate test statistic. ÂBecause the sample size is small (n30) the appropriate test statistic isÂ. * Step 3.ÂSet up decision rule. ÂThis is a lower tailed test, using a t statistic and a 5% level of significance.In order to determine the critical value of t, we need degrees of freedom, df, defined as df=n-1. Here df=3-1=2.The critical value for a lower tailed test with df=2 and a =0.05 is 4.3027 (from t-test tables) and the decision rule is as follows: ÂReject H0Âif tÂÂ4.3027. * ÂStep 4.ÂCompute the test statistic. ÂWe now substitute the sample data into the formula for the test statistic identified in Step 2. Â9525001854200t = 1671.7 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 295099.7/ à ¢Ã… ¡ 3= -22.2074 * Step 5.ÂConclusion. ÂWe reject H0Âbecause -22.2074Ë 4.3027. We have statistically significant evidence at ÃŽ=0.05 to claim that the population mean age of the Y and Z holes is not different from Corbinà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s stated mean age of the ditchà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬that is, 2950 B.C.QUESTION 41st site:n = 9 , X= 3033.1 s = 66.9We arrive atÂz = -1.96. ÂNow we solve forÂx: x à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 3033.1  x à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 3033.1ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ-1.96 = = 66.9/Âà ƒ ¢Ã… ¡9  22.3ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂHence x à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 3033.1 = -51.514We say thatÂÂ51.514Âis theÂmargin of error.We have that aÂ95% confidence interval for the meanÂclarity is (2981.587, 3084.613)In other words there is aÂ95%Âchance that the mean years is betweenÂ2981.587 and 3084.613 B.C2nd site:n = 3 , X= 2193.3 s = 104.1We arrive atÂz = -1.96. ÂNow we solve forÂx: x à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬2193.3 x à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬ 3033.1ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ-1.96 = = 104.1/Âà ¢Ã… ¡3 60.102ÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂÂ

The Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller - 1618 Words

Both the authenticity and the purity of the American Dream have been put into question by various pieces of literature, such as the Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller, or even the modern classic American Psycho by Bret Easton Ellis. With specific regard to The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the death of the American Dream is seen through the eyes of Nick Carraway as he watches America’s morality and virtue disintegrate before him. The American Dream is supposed to represent the ideal that every U.S. citizen should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. With that being said, the failure of the American Dream in the novel is epitomized by the lack of equality, moral values, and the ultimate demise of both Gatsby and the dreams for which he represented. Notably, social discrimination is undoubtedly a prominent factor in the downfall of the American Dream. The Valley of Ashes is used as a physical repre sentation of the prominent division between the upper and lower class. The fact that the rich hold such a deep aberration for the poor is further exhibited through the relationship between Tom Buchanan and George Wilson; Tom establishes his unquestionable superiority over Wilson and constantly looks down on him, as demonstrated by the quote, â€Å"He’s so dumb he doesn’t know he’s alive† (26). Myrtle, like her husband, is not immune to Tom’s powerful presence, in fact, she embraces his wealth as if it wasShow MoreRelatedDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1387 Words   |  6 PagesAmerican play-write Arthur Miller, is undoubtedly Death of a Salesman. Arthur Miller wrote Death of a Salesman in 1949 at the time when America was evolving into an economic powerhouse. Arthur Miller critiques the system of capitalism and he also tells of the reality of the American Dream. Not only does he do these things, but he brings to light the idea of the dysfuncti onal family. Death of a Salesman is one of America’s saddest tragedies. In Arthur Miller’s, Death of a Salesman, three major eventsRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller888 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman† is a play written by Arthur Miller in the year 1949. The play revolves around a desperate salesman, Willy Loman. Loman is delusioned and most of the things he does make him to appear as a man who is living in his own world away from other people. He is disturbed by the fact that he cannot let go his former self. His wife Linda is sad and lonely; his youngest son Biff is presented as a swinger/player while his eldest son Happy appears anti-business and confused by the behaviorRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1573 Words   |  7 Pagesrepresents a character with a tragic flaw leading to his downfall. In addition, in traditional tragedy, the main character falls from high authority and often it is predetermined by fate, while the audi ence experiences catharsis (Bloom 2). Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman is considered to be a tragedy because this literary work has some of the main characteristics of the tragedy genre. In this play, the main character Willy Loman possesses such traits and behaviors that lead to his downfall, and theRead MoreDeath of Salesman by Arthur Miller972 Words   |  4 PagesIn the play Death of a Salesman by the playwright Arthur Miller, the use of names is significant to the characters themselves. Many playwrights and authors use names in their works to make a connection between the reader and the main idea of their work. Arthur Miller uses names in this play extraordinarily. Not only does Miller use the names to get readers to correlate them with the main idea of the play, but he also uses names to provide some irony to the play. Miller uses the meanings of someRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1628 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller wrote the Pulitzer Prize winning play Death of a Salesman in 1949. The play inflated the myth of the American Dream of prosperity and recognition, that hard work and integrity brings, but the play compels the world to see the ugly truth that capitalism and the materialistic world distort honesty and moral ethics. The play is a guide toward contemporary themes foreseen of the twentieth century, which are veiled with greed, power, and betrayal. Miller’s influence with the play spreadRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller949 Words   |  4 PagesDeath of a Salesman can be described as modern tragedy portraying the remaining days in the life of Willy Loman. This story is very complex, not only because of it’s use of past and present, but because of Willy’s lies that have continued to spiral out of control throughout his life. Arthur Miller puts a modern twist on Aristotle’s definition of ancient Greek tragedy when Willy Loman’s life story directly identifies the fatal flaw of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy Loman’s tragic flaw can be recappedRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller846 Words   |  4 PagesA Dime a Dozen The Death of a Salesman is a tragedy written by playwright Arthur Miller and told in the third person limited view. The play involves four main characters, Biff, Happy, Linda, and Willy Loman, an ordinary family trying to live the American Dream. Throughout the play however, the family begins to show that through their endeavors to live the American Dream, they are only hurting their selves. The play begins by hinting at Willy’s suicidal attempts as the play begins with Linda askingRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller Essay2538 Words   |  11 PagesSurname 1 McCain Student’s Name: Instructor’s Name: Course: Date: Death of a Salesman Death of a salesman is a literature play written by American author Arthur Miller. The play was first published in the year 1949 and premiered on Broadway in the same year. Since then, it has had several performances. It has also received a lot of accordances and won numerous awards for its literature merit including the coveted Pulitzer for drama. The play is regarded by many critics as the perfectRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller2081 Words   |  9 Pages#1 â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller is a tragedy, this play has only two acts and does not include scenes in the acts. Instead of cutting from scene to scene, there is a description of how the lighting focuses on a different place or time-period, which from there, they continue on in a different setting. The play doesn’t go in chronological order. A lot of the play is present in Willy’s flashbacks or memories of events. This provides an explanation of why the characters are acting a certainRead MoreDeath Of Salesman By Arthur Miller1475 Words   |  6 Pagesto death to achieve their so- called American dream. They live alone and there is no love of parents and siblings. They may have not noticed the America dream costs them so much, which will cause a bigger regret later. In the play Death of Salesman, Arthur Miller brings a great story of a man who is at very older age and still works hard to achieve his desire, which is the American dream. Later, he no tices that his youth is gone and there is less energy in his body. Willy Loman is a salesman, who

Evoluation and Technology in Different Cultures Essay example

Evolution and Technology Technology is a vital part of what it means to be human. Anthropologists have found that Homo sapiens are one of the earliest to rely on technology. This is because unlike other animals, humans were not covered in scales nor did they have wings or gills. (Hjorth 64) â€Å"The nature of our evolution has been external to our bodies.† (Hjorth 64) Throughout centuries humans have created technology to help them survive and evolve instead of doing so through mutation. Instead of growing wings we developed planes, instead of developing eyes of a hawk, we developed binoculars and telescopes. (Hjorth 64) In a matter of generations rather then millennia, a new technological device can come into general use by everyone who†¦show more content†¦(Farahani) Although most countries face drawbacks, recently there have been examples where culture has affected technology. Popular phones have recently been developed for Muslim users that support their religiou s practices by reminding them when it is time to pray, orienting them towards the Mecca and disabling incoming calls for the amount of time they pray. (Finin) Different cultures influence the types of technology created. However, most pieces of technology are created to fit all cultures. Technology such as the iPhone or iPad has different apps that you can download which offer users different possibilities to fit in with their cultures. Cultural critique of technology exists in society as an overall assessment of technological change. Culture is what influences technology to make it fit in with our cultural needs. (Backer) Convenience The ultimate purpose of technology is to enhance human’s lives by making tasks simpler to perform. Modern technologies give us a more convenient life compared to days with simpler technologies. (Wang) â€Å"Communication is more accessible, merchandise is more accessible, and the whole world is more accessible.† (Wang) With a simple click of the mouse we could travel the world, we could take classes from the top universities without actually being there on campus, and we could talk to our friends and family face to face even if we are across the world. (Wang) Our reliance on computers and other devices to â€Å"keep

Organ Sale And Its Effect On Society - 945 Words

Organ sale is one of the most important issue going on in today’s world. However, many do favor organ sale and many does go against of organ sale. They favor it because it saves one’s life and poor people can get money while others go against it because of illegal trading and due to lack in government regulation. However, many countries have banned it but it is still going on through illegal trading. So in this essay we will see how sources are supporting this idea and going against of the idea of the organ sales. In her article, â€Å"Organ Will Save Lives† by Joanna Mackay addresses how people are dying to buy and sell a kidney. She tells government not to ban the sale of human organs but they should manage it properly from being in illegal way. Mackay says â€Å"About 350,000 Americans suffer from end-stage renal disease, a state of kidney disorder so advanced that the organ stops functioning altogether.† (1) and for this dialysis and kidney transplanta tion are only way to cure treatment. Dialysis is considered to be harsher and expensive as it acts as artificial kidney and filters the blood for the patient. It does give patient better treatment but not well as expected as it adds more stress to patient body, they usually get unconscious and tired whereas in kidney transplantation it is more secure and valid in today’s world with few complications and it is done by confirming the tissue it is matching or not with anti-rejection drugs. This treatment is considering to be quietShow MoreRelatedSale Of Organs And Its Effects On Society1417 Words   |  6 PagesSale of Organs An organ is a body tissue that helps in the general operation of the body. Selling organs is legally and morally wrong. However, some people still do that. Therefore, I believe that The law should ban people from selling their organs because each person was born with their organs. It is like property that the person should take care of. Also, organs buyers usually take advantage of the poor and weak people. I am against selling organs by all means for a number of reasons such as, theRead MoreAltruism Is Good Or Good?1165 Words   |  5 Pagesaltruism is good because of its affirmative effects. The outcome of altruism does not only effect the person to whom the altruism is intended for, but it has its indirect ramification on society. There is truth to both of these answers. We all have experiences of acting out of an impartial concern for the health of a friend or loved one. These experiences that we have had seem to be an unambiguous instance of moral virtue. It seems likely that i f our society had more acts of altruism, our world wouldRead MoreThe Problem Of Organ Trafficking1520 Words   |  7 PagesOrgan trafficking is becoming progressively more common around the world. The donor list becomes longer every day with people in need of a transplant. There are over 120,000 people in the United States alone on the kidney transplant waiting list (National Kidney Foundation, 2016). People on the waiting list are having to wait for a live donor (who wants no monetary gain) to donate a kidney, or they are waiting for someone to die. Nonetheless, many people are unwilling to donate an organ while livingRead MoreOrgan Donation : Organ Donations Essay1323 Words   |  6 PagesPreviously organ donation has encountered organ donors and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands decreased as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives, the significan ce of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result organ donation mission is toRead MoreOrgan Donation And Organ Organs Essay1308 Words   |  6 PagesOrgan donations have encountered organ donor and organ supply rejections. Organ donation challenges and demands increase as the organ shortages increase over the years. Organ donation’s mission is to save many terminally ill recipients at the end stages of their lives. The significance of the organ donation is to give back to restore one’s quality of life. The ongoing issues may present an idealistic portrait of how these issues may be resolved. As a result, the mission of organ donations are toRead MoreThe Underground Economy Concerning The Illicit Sales Of Organ Retrieval Services Essay1658 Words   |  7 Pages Every Action comes with a Price in Life In recent years, there been discussions about the underground economy concerning the illicit sales of organ retrieval services. Either by trade, sale or illegal stealing of organs the effects is widespread in foreign countries making way to the United States. The effects of this practice deeply affect many people who give into the hype of sacrificing self or others for payoffs, with the benefit not equaling to the value or the accommodations promised. TheRead MoreImplicit Concerns For The Legalization Of The Organ Sale1347 Words   |  6 PagesImplicit Concerns for the Legalization of the Organ Sale With the increasing need of organs for medical treatment, illegal organ black markets have become more rampant. Under such circumstances, the public debate over whether the government should legalize the sale of living human organs is fiercer. In Joanna MacKay’s essay Organ Sales Will Save Lives, she states that the government should legalize the sale of organs, since the legalization would benefit both the sellers and the buyers. MoreoverRead Moreorgans will save lives911 Words   |  4 PagesWriting Caitlin Pierpoint Summary of Organ Sales Will Save Lives In the essay â€Å"Organ Sales Will Save Lives† by Joanna MacKay, kidney failure is the main topic. In her thesis, MacKay states that, â€Å"Governments should not ban the sale of human organs; they should regulate it (92).† The thesis is supported by one main reason: it will save lives. In America 350,000 people struggle each year from this situation. MacKay also states that with the legal selling of organs, more people will be willing to giveRead MoreThe Organ Trafficking Epidemic Essay1111 Words   |  5 Pagesindividuals partake in organ trafficking which shows that organ trafficking is a valid issue that must be handled. As of now, U.S. citizens are not prohibited to buy organs outside of the United States by NOTA (National Organ Transplant Act of 1984). In â€Å"Can The Government Ban Organ Sale? Recent Court Challenges And The Future Of US Law On Selling Human Organs And Other Tissue†, Glenn I. Cohen states that â€Å". . . if a US citizen travels abroa d to buy a kidney or other organ his act is not prohibitedRead MoreThe Commercialization Of Organ Transplantation1660 Words   |  7 Pagesto save the world, [he] would spend fifty-five minutes defining the problem, and only five minutes finding the solution† (Einstein). In the case of the commercialization of organ transplantation, would the ramifications laid by Einstein change if a doctor had only one hour to save the life of a patient in dire need of an organ transplant? An individual that had spent the last three years on a waiting-list? Waiting, years, months, and days without end for a second chance at life. Similar to Einstein

No Escape From The Incessant Dream - 918 Words

There is no escape from the incessant dream. It encompasses every factor of the modern American lifestyle. It all begins with The American Dream, in which everyone strives to become part of something bigger then themselves. The obsession, that supposedly defines how happiness can be obtained. But happiness is not, contrary to the beliefs of the American Dreamers, measured on a checklist including 2.5 kids, 1 dog, 1 cat, baby blue house in suburbs, white picket fence, 2 car garage, and a perfectly manicured lawn. That image is a facade over the ever-crumbling ash heaps of our world. It is impossible to measure one s life or happiness on a scale of coffee spoons, cars, or annual income, yet many people continue to plug away like machines for no other reason than to make the money that they honestly believe will bring them true happiness. This idea is everywhere, leaving much of America longing for a life that does not exist and working toward a goal that could never be reached in this lifetime. Madonna Marsden said it best when she stated that, â€Å"From Ben Franklin in the 1740’s to Ross Perot in the 1990’s, money means power, status, and respect† (134). For everyone this dream may be different, yet the concept remains unchangeable. Marsden also stated, With hard work comes achievement, and with achievement comes material comforts of the American Dream and sometimes even great riches and a place in history (134). The Presidency of the United States of America is an officeShow MoreRelated Analysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesAnalysis of The Day of the Locust by Nathanael West Nathanael West’s The Day of the Locust tells the story of people who have come to California in search of the American Dream. They travel west hoping to escape less than perfect lives and pursue success in Hollywood. The characters in this novel dream of a life of luxury, having lots of money, and living happily ever after. They eventually come to the realization that the seemingly picture perfect life that California represents is not asRead MoreThe Day of the Locust Essay932 Words   |  4 PagesNathanael Wests The Day of the Locust tells the story of people who have come to California in search of the American Dream. They travel west hoping to escape less than perfect lives and pursue success in Hollywood. The characters in this novel dream of a life of luxury, having lots of money, and living happily ever after. They eventually come to the realization that the seemingly picture perfect life that California represents is not as easy to attain as they once thought. The charactersRead MoreThe American Dream871 Words   |  4 Pages I believe that the American Dream is alive and dead. I also believe that humanity will never reach a point where everyone has an equal opportunity in everything as we crave power and not good will. Those who are rich will continue as so and those who are poor will most likely not improve. However, I also believe that one can achieve happiness through any situation they are put in. That being said, it requires gargantuan amounts of strife to put oneself in a certain mindset to see the positive inRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire Analysis887 Words   |  4 Pagessexually tense trifecta is Blanche DuBois, the â€Å"lady† of the three individuals, who takes the ideas of innuendo to a completely different level. From the beginning of the play, Blanche is characterized as somewhat of a â€Å"nervous wreck†, and makes baths a continual habit throughout the play to â€Å"soothe her nerves.† It can be assumed that the activity is an escape from the clammy and stuffed apartment: the water is Blanche’s sanctuary; it is an attempt to cleanse herself and forget reality as opposed to confrontingRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1472 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters for striving for their dreams. Fitzgerald contrasts Tom’s and Gatsby’s old and new money statuses to display the corruption of the American Dream that sustains society’s cruelty. Both characters commit indiscretions, Tom with women and Gatsby with business deals. When Tom answers a phone call from his mistress during dinner, Jordan Baker discloses that â€Å"‘Tom’s got some woman’† (Fitzgerald 15). Fitzgerald illustrates Tom’s ill-mannered nature that stems from his inherited money, privilegeRead MoreEssay on House On Mango Street1074 Words   |  5 PagesWomen’s Escape into Misery Women’s need for male support and their husband’s constant degradation of them was a recurring theme in the book House on Mango Street. Many of Esperanza’s stories were about women’s dreams of marrying, the perfect husband and having the perfect family and home. Sally, Rafaela, and Minerva are women who gave me the impression of [damsel’s in distress].CLICHamp;Eacute;, it’s ok though. It’s relevant They wished for a man to sweep them of their feet and rescue them from theirRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1316 Words   |  6 Pagesas they embark on a lifelong journey together through the ups and the downs. In Arthur Miller’s play Death of a Salesman, the main character, Willy Loman, is an aged and failing salesman attempting to provide for his family without asking for help from anyone. His wife, Linda Loman, is one of the most intelligent and levelheaded characters in the play. Although her husband treats her poorly at times, she ceaselessly supports him and does everything in her power to ensure his happiness. Linda understandsRead MoreConfusion in War1394 Words   |  6 PagesBerlin’s real war memories intentionally follow no order, only separately cataloging his fallen comrades. Jack Slay describes these chapters as â€Å"a litany of violent and graphic death,† whi ch all happen between the time Berlin arrived in Vietnam and the escape of Cacciato but are â€Å" hardly chronological,† and â€Å"barely cohesive† (193). As Berlin points out, â€Å"The order of things-chronologies- that was the hard part† (O’Brien 53). This disorder is no coincidence on O’Brien’s part. In fact, the intentionalRead MoreGustave Flauberts Madame Bovary Essay993 Words   |  4 Pagesstroke of individuality. I think the action is actually the first taste the reader gets of her incessant need for change. With every change that Emma makes, she tries to find the happiness she desires so much. An example of Emma’s fluctuation of moods is after Leon’s departure. Once he left, to deem herself from the lack of love toward her husband, Emma transformed into the model wife. She would go from constantly thinking about another man, to another woman that no one would even dare think aboutRead MoreI Have Discovered Is Adeline Yen Mah s Chinese Cinderella916 Words   |  4 Pagesthe incessant struggles of growing up with a family that detested her and how she dealt with them. Her mother died as she was giving birth to Adeline; in turn, she was viewed as a cursed child. As a matter of fact, reading helped Mah cope with these particular problems for the duration her life; from her love of reading, Mah decided that becoming a writer would be her ultimate goal. In her story, she remarked â€Å"I read because I have to. It drives everything else from my mind. It lets me escape to find

Analysis of Home Burial free essay sample

Amy, has no one to turn to for comfort other than her husband. Amy is suffering from extreme grief due to the loss of her first-born child. She lashes out at her husband for being insensitive and apparently emotionally unaffected by the death of their child. Their conflicting views on grief cause Amy to repress her anger and resent her husband. Her husband’s negligence during their child’s burial triggers a dramatic emotional outburst during her fragile state of mind. Robert Frost was born in San Francisco, California on March 26, 1874. When Frost was eleven, his father died from tuberculosis in 1885 and Robert’s mother took the two children, Robert and Jeanie, to Lawrence, Massachusetts, where they were taken in by the childrens paternal grandparents. Robert and Jeanie grew up in Lawrence, and Robert graduated from high school in 1892. A top student in his class, he shared valedictorian honors with Elinor White, with whom he had already fallen in love. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Home Burial or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Robert and Elinor shared a deep interest in poetry, but their continued education sent Robert to Dartmouth College and Elinor to St. Lawrence University. Impatient with academic routine, Frost left Dartmouth after less than a year. He and Elinor married in 1895 but found life difficult, and the young poet supported them by teaching school and farming, neither with notable success (Gerber). During the next dozen years, six children were born, two of whom died early, leaving a family of one son and three daughters. Frost resumed his college education at Harvard University in 1897 but left after two years study there. He later died in 1963. Family farms were far more common during Frost’s lifetime than they are today. Historically, the majority of the population lived in rural America during the early 20th century, many of which maintained small family farms as a source of income. According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, family operated farms have decreased from 6. 3 million in 1910 to 2. 19 million in 1998. (USDA) It was not uncommon for a married couple to have three or more children, possibly due to the lack of birth control or free labor. Unfortunately, the death rate among young children was high during this time, due to the lack of vaccines and advanced medical technology. Many of Frosts’ stories reflect the hardships of not only his life, but of the way of life for many families during that time. During the early 20th century families were simple, no television, internet, and barley radio. People had to find things to do and entertain themselves and each other. Hard work, especially farm work, was also a staple in early 20th century. Since many families were relatively insolated from other people, a very close bond would often be formed between siblings and parents. Fatal illness among people was very high, so families made certain to take full advantage of every minute they had because death could come at any moment. In â€Å"Home Burial† The husband has obviously prepared for death due to it being so common amongst children and apparently Amy is not quite so prepared for the turmoil that follows the death of a child. Robert Frost uses events from his life and draws on his own personal experiences in his writing; hence most of his work is based on death. His life was full of tragedy, one of his main outlets for his stress was writing poems and short stories. In â€Å"Home Burial†, Frost is using the characters in the story as a vehicle to play out the hard times he himself encounters when his children died. The story has an uncanny resemblance to his life during the time when he and his wife were dealing with their son’s death. Amy appears to be suffering from extreme grief due to the loss of her first-born child. However, due to her unusual grieving pattern, Amy is not suffering only from grief but also from major depression. The five stages of grief are Denial, Isolation, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, and Acceptance. Amy is having difficulty moving through these five stages of grief and is trapped in the anger and denial stage. Her husband’s insensitivity during their child’s burial triggers a dramatic emotional outburst during her fragile state of mind. This insensitivity is evidenced by Amy’s saying, â€Å"If you had any feelings, you that dug with your own hand how could you? † (Frost 1131). This statement by Amy signifies that she is using her husband’s apparent insensitivity as an outlet for her anger. Amy’s husband apparently agitates and intensifies her feeling, which clearly demonstrates signs of an acute mood disorder. Amy is having difficulty with depression as well. She is unable to move to the last stage of grief, acceptance, until then she will be stuck in the same stage, reliving the same emotions over and over until she is able to cope with the feelings that were aroused in her, and move on to the subsequent stages. Amy’s husband seems to be coping with the loss of their child well. He has successfully completed the five stage of grief, has overcome, and accepted the child’s death. A viable explanation for her husband’s lack of depression is that women are two times more likely than men to suffer from depression. According to research preformed by psychologist Susan Hoeksema, â€Å"Women are twice as likely as men to be diagnosed with major depression. † (Psychology 600) â€Å"Home Burial† can be utilized as insight into the culture and behavior of early 20th century families and can be used to understand the evolution of human behavior throughout the generations. Through the advancement of medical technology, we can now cure diseases that would normally be a death sentence in the early part of the 20th century. In addition, advancements in handling emotionally and psychologically unstable people have evolved from the behavior of the past generations. Studying literature and people from the past will aid in the development of a new understanding in the psychology and culture of people. During the course of this assignment, I have learned various techniques writer’s use when writing their stories. In â€Å"Home Burial†, Robert Frost draws from his own personal experiences to create a poem that will analyzed by millions of students for many years to come. Also, by reading and analyzing Frost’s and other authors work, I have a deeper understand of what goes into these stories and in turn will help me to write better essays and stories.

Audit Strategy and Materiality Identification for Woolworths Limited

Question: Discuss about theAudit Strategy and Materiality Identification for Woolworths Limited. Answer: Introduction The title of the report is Audit strategy and materiality identification which itself suggest that the report has been prepared to analyze and assess the environment of the client as tool for effective and efficient auditing. Woolworths Limited, a company listed in ASX is chosen so that aim of the report can be achieved. The body of the report is divided into three main parts. First part helps in finding the factors which audit manager should investigate so that understanding of client can be obtained. The second part helps in understanding the weakness present in internal control system of the company along with identification of control risks. The third part helps in ascertainment of materiality level at the preliminary stage of audit. The report has been prepared using the annual report for the year 2017 along with other reliable sources available on internet. Factors Effective Audit Strategy Issues at Industry and Economic Level The following are major three factors which the audit manager should investigate while gaining the understanding of the client and its business: Understanding of Industry and Competitor The first major factor that each audit shall consider for the planning of the audit is to analyze the industry in which the company is operating and then whether there any competitors of the business. The company is engaged in the business of retail chains which provide all the home and domestic items at one place. Thus the industry in which the company operates is the departmental Chain industry. Along with the industry knowledge, the information of the competitor shall also be checked and reviewed. For instance the company major competitor is the Wesfarmers Private Limited. The market share of the competitor along with the different products supplied and any other advancement shall be checked (Company Official Website, 2017). Understanding the Riskiness in business Identifying the business risk is the very important part in planning the audit. It is because due to the risk present in the business the auditor is required to modify his plan accordingly. In the given case, the major risk to the company is competition for which the auditor shall modify his plan. Understanding the needs of the stakeholders The audit plan shall be developed in accordance with the needs of the stakeholders. For instance the regulating authority prescribes that the disclosure of impairment of assets shall be made in accordance with the new accounting standard. Thus, the strategy of the auditor will get changed with the applicable provisions of the new accounting standard. Issues at Entity Level The following are major three factors which the audit manager should investigate while gaining the understanding of the client and its business at the level of the entity and its environment: Understanding nature of the entity As per paragraph number 11 of the ASA 315, It means before planning of the audit, the auditor shall understand the following to know the nature of entity (AASB Official Website, 2013): The operation of the company The structure of the company with regard to its ownership and governing bodies The details of the proposed investments if the company is planning to have and The details with regard to the source of finance of the company and how the same has been placed with regard to the proportion It will help the audit team to understand the heads of various account balances and transactions therein. Understanding the application of accounting policies The accounting policies plays a very significant role in developing the audit strategy because of the fact that the accounting policy shall be in accordance with the applicable reporting framework and according to the nature of the business. Measurement and review of financial performance The financial performance of the company shall be measured and reviewed with the help of the financial ratios like net profit ratio, gross profit ratio, current ratio and so on. It will help the auditor to focus on the areas which requires the special consideration. Assessment Of Internal Control And Control Risk Ruth view and suggestions at times will meet the requirements but in most of the cases, it will fail very badly. It is because of the fact that the risk is measured in accordance with the nature and size of the business. In the given case of Woolworths Limited, the questionnaire alone will not serve the purpose in any way. The auditor is required to evaluate each of the processes and procedures so as to find the deviations in the applications of the same. For instance purchase process shall be examined in detail from the procurement and shall end with the sale thereon. Preliminary Assessment Of Materiality The audit team should consider the different assertions level for different transactions, account balances and the different policies disclosures made by the company in the financial statements that would lead to material misstatement at the preliminary assessment level of materiality (AASB Official Website, 2013). For example, in Woolworths Limited, increase in gross profit margin by 70 bases points in 2017 which become 28.07% of sales (Company Official Website, 2017). Conclusion And Recommendation Understanding of client and its business environment along understating of materiality involved in the financial statements should the main focus before start of audit by the Auditor or its team. The audit should identify all risks involved in internal control system of the company so that audit risks can be identified and audit trail can be predefined by the auditor to substantiate his opinion on the true and fair view of the financial reporting. It is concluded the Woolworths has good internal control but its open for material business risks which can affect the decision of stakeholders. It is recommended from the report to apply AASB 315 appropriately before the starting engagement as decided in engagement letter. References AASB Official Website, (2013), Auditing Standard ASA 315- Identifying and Assessing Risks of Material Misstatements through Understanding the entity and its environment Online available at https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/Nov13_Compiled_Auditing_Standar d_ASA_315.pdf accessed on 30-04-2018 AASB Official Website, (2013), Auditing Standard ASA 306- Materiality and Audit Adjustments Online available at https://www.auasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AUS_306.pdf accessed on 30-04 -2018 Company Official Website, (2017), online available at https://www.woolworths.com.au/ accessed on 30-04-2018

The tourism industry

Description of the industry The tourism industry is one of the industries in the market. The industry is made of of key players such as hotels, and tourist attraction sites. The demand in the industry has increased because people need to travel and visit fascinating sites. Countries with attractive sites have experienced high growth in tourism.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on The tourism industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The industry has high returns, and countries with good attraction sites gain a lot of foreign exchange from the industry. The industry experiences seasonal demand because the tourists visit during holidays. A few tourists visit during normal periods. Countries with attractive sites experience a large inflow of tourists during the holiday seasons (Das, 61). The critical outputs (Q) The outputs of the tourism industry include foreign exchange earnings that are paid by the tourists. In addi tion, the output includes the improved image of the countries which have attractive sites. The critical inputs necessary to produce the output The critical inputs include hotels, fascinating sites and and attractive cultural artifacts. Identify technological processes involvedAdvertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tourism industry requires the use of online promotions to advertise tourist attraction sites. The use of e-marketing has been applied to attract tourists from the global market. The appropriate market structure The industry has a perfect competitive market structure. This is because there are few barriers of entry and exit, and homogenous products. The forces of demand and supply determine the market prices in the industry. This shows that the market equilibrium is determined by the forces of supply and demand (Ferrell, and Hartline, 238). The shape of the demand curve Source: Author The critical factors influencing demandAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on The tourism industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The critical factors that influence demand in the market are security, attractive sites and the global image of the sites. In addition, security is an important factor that affects the demand of tourist attraction sites. Tourists fear places where there is a high crime rate or countries experiencing terrorism activities. The global image of a country with tourist attraction sites also determines the demand. There are countries which are famous for offering the best services, and they are preferred by most clients. The shape of the supply curve Source: Author Firms in the industry set prices The firms in the industry set their own prices. The prices are determined by the popularity of a certain tourist destination. The firms set prices depending on the level of dema nd. There are no restrictions on setting prices in the industry. Customers in the industry are willing to pay a premium price for the firms offering the best quality services. The industry experiences seasonal demand, and prices are higher during the peak season. However, during the low season, the prices are lower.Advertising Looking for report on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Economic profits Economic profits are made in the industry because all firms get customers. The firms operate above the production cost, and this indicates that economic profits are made. Significant events that have recently impacted the market equilibrium, and their effect International terrorism has affected the market equilibrium recently. Countries affected by terrorism activities experience a declining number of customers. The terrorists cause fear, and the demand decline. The industry is very volatile because the demand depends on the willingness of people to visit tourist sites. If the people are not willing to visit the destinations, the demand declines. Terrorist attacks have affected many countries, and this has caused a tremendous decline in the number of tourists visiting countries experiencing such attacks. Works Cited Das, Gupta D. Tourism Marketing. Delhi: Pearson, 2011. Print. Ferrell, O C, and Michael D. Hartline. Marketing Strategy. Australia: South-Western Cengag e Learning, 2011. Print. This report on The tourism industry was written and submitted by user Helena Leonard to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What to Consider When Writing Your Argumentative Essay About Drugs

What to Consider When Writing Your Argumentative Essay About DrugsA sample argumentative essay about drugs can be used to give students a better idea of what they should write in their own paper. This is a writing assignment that is normally assigned in school and college classrooms and can also be used in book report writing assignments. It's worth pointing out that drug use can negatively impact the lives of all people, regardless of race, gender, age, economic status, or any other factor. You may need to consider these factors when you write your own argumentative essay about drugs.The first thing you need to take into consideration is the idea of drug usage. This means analyzing the frequency of drug use among certain groups of people. You should know that different people do have varying drug habits. The only thing that holds true is that most drugs are illegal and cannot be distributed over the counter in most places. As such, it becomes necessary to provide an argumentative es say about drugs that takes into account the fact that there are certain groups of people who are more likely to get into drug abuse than others.An important factor in the essay is the idea of how prevalent drugs are in society. You need to know how many people are addicted to drugs and how many people attempt to get rid of their addictions. This idea is important because it can help you illustrate how many people are involved in drug use and if it's a problem for society as a whole.You need to provide an argumentative essay about drugs that highlights how addicted people become to drugs. This means taking a look at how other people get hooked on drugs and how the drugs get introduced into their system. This type of information can be used to help you provide additional insight into the drug abuse epidemic that is currently affecting many people.Another thing to consider when writing an argumentative essay about drugs is the concept of addiction. Addiction is a state where the user c hanges his or her behavior in order to get the desired effect. This can lead to dependency or the person will simply stop using the substance altogether. This is important because you want to show how widespread addiction is and how an individual with an addiction is often considered a criminal.The idea of drug use, addiction, and the cost of treatment should be included in the argumentative essay about drugs. You want to provide a complete picture of the situation, which includes a discussion about why people use drugs and the reasons why people become addicted to them. You also want to understand how drugs are introduced into people's systems, and how those individuals get addicted.Lastly, you should also consider the idea of where drug use and drug addiction take place. This means knowing where the drug abusers live, how the drug is being sold, and how a person gets hooked. As you continue to write your argumentative essay about drugs, you'll also need to include things like publ ic hospitals and clinics that offer treatment.These are just a few things to take into consideration when writing an argumentative essay about drugs. With the proper information, you can provide a more complete picture of drug usage and the problem it poses for society.

Free Essays on Bauhaus Essay

The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by an architect named Walter Gropius. Gropius came from the Werkbund movement, which sought to integrate art and economics, and to add an element of engineering to art. The Werkbund movement was unable to achieve this integration, but the founding of the Bauhaus saw the solution that had previously been overlooked. The Bauhaus was founded by the combining of the Weimar Art Academy, and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School. Students at this new school were trained by both an artist and a master craftsman, realizing the desires of Gropius to make "modern artists familiar with science and economics, [that] began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." The school had three aims at its inception that stayed basically the same throughout the life of the Bauhaus even though the direction of the school changed significantly and repeatedly. The first aim of the school was to "rescue all of the arts from the isolation in which each then found itself," to encourage the individual artisans and craftsmen to work cooperatively and combine all of their skills. Secondly, the school set out to elevate the status of crafts, chairs, lamps, teapots, etc., to the same level enjoyed by fine arts, painting, sculpting, etc. The third aim was to maintain contact with the leaders of industry and craft in an attempt to eventually gain independence from government support by selling designs to industry. With these at its basis the Bauhaus began and influenced our lives immensely in ways that most people probably take for granted. Since the school tried to combine art with engineering and craftsmanship, innovation ran rampant through the Bauhaus resulting in a multitude of advances affecting the most basic aspects of life. "Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly o... Free Essays on Bauhaus Essay Free Essays on Bauhaus Essay The Bauhaus was founded in 1919 by an architect named Walter Gropius. Gropius came from the Werkbund movement, which sought to integrate art and economics, and to add an element of engineering to art. The Werkbund movement was unable to achieve this integration, but the founding of the Bauhaus saw the solution that had previously been overlooked. The Bauhaus was founded by the combining of the Weimar Art Academy, and the Weimar Arts and Crafts School. Students at this new school were trained by both an artist and a master craftsman, realizing the desires of Gropius to make "modern artists familiar with science and economics, [that] began to unite creative imagination with a practical knowledge of craftsmanship, and thus to develop a new sense of functional design." The school had three aims at its inception that stayed basically the same throughout the life of the Bauhaus even though the direction of the school changed significantly and repeatedly. The first aim of the school was to "rescue all of the arts from the isolation in which each then found itself," to encourage the individual artisans and craftsmen to work cooperatively and combine all of their skills. Secondly, the school set out to elevate the status of crafts, chairs, lamps, teapots, etc., to the same level enjoyed by fine arts, painting, sculpting, etc. The third aim was to maintain contact with the leaders of industry and craft in an attempt to eventually gain independence from government support by selling designs to industry. With these at its basis the Bauhaus began and influenced our lives immensely in ways that most people probably take for granted. Since the school tried to combine art with engineering and craftsmanship, innovation ran rampant through the Bauhaus resulting in a multitude of advances affecting the most basic aspects of life. "Everyone sitting on a chair with a tubular steel frame, using an adjustable reading lamp, or living in a house partly o...

Triangle Fire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Triangle Fire - Essay Example The scrap bin was accumulated with cuttings of around two months and a lighted cigarette or a match was possibly the starting point of the fire. On the other hand, some explain that the engines which supported the sewing machines may have caused the fire, whereas many historians believe that it was pre-planned by the owners of the factory. The owners, Blanck and Harris were present at the factory premises when the fire broke out along with their workers in the 10-storey building. When the fire broke out, the two owners saved themselves by running to the roof and jumping to the adjoining building, but their workers met a terrible fate and 146 of them were either burnt alive or jumped out of the building windows in horror to save themselves. When the workers used the Washington Place stairways to flee, they noticed it was locked which took from them the only hope of escaping the sight safely. The Washington Place Stairway was locked from the outside to prevent theft by the workers. The workers demanded for better working conditions because they were made to work for longer hours at very low wages and they were deprived of the basic amenities and facilities. Whereas on the other hand, the factory owners rejected these demands put forth by the workers of the factory, so that they could protect the industries from the effects of unionizations and regulations. Plus, the low profit margins coupled with the high costs prevented the owners from meeting the demands of the workers because the fulfillment was monetarily not feasible. Many female workers who worked at the factory were immigrants, from Europe and Italy, who had migrated in hope of a better life and future. The poor working conditions they faced and the grinding poverty made their lives even more difficult. The work conditions were horrific, with long working hours and low wages. Many of these workers, in protest of the poor working conditions joined unions and even went out on strikes.

Critically study of Negotiation Skills 03071 Essay

Critically study of Negotiation Skills 03071 - Essay Example The study is going to provide critical evaluation of the negotiation process. Different theories of negotiation stated to cite that negotiation process is adopted among the almost each and every individual. Further, this study outlines the process of negotiation among the individuals, local authority, SME and society. Negotiation is mainly a collateral process of getting the concern of two or more parties. In general term, negotiation is the process of collective bargaining that promotes a process of transaction of anything between two or more parties. This process is promoting aim of welfare of both the parties, along with the requirements and expectation of parties associated with the negotiation process. On the other hand, it utilises common ground that empowers stake of both the parties. Moreover, it promotes the harmony among the parties regarding any settlement. In addition, negotiation is also made on the basis of the mutual concern that makes the resolution of any sort of conflict. Negotiation processes are proved to be one of the most important processes in the daily life of people and operations of any business (Barkemeyer and Figge, 2011). On the contrary, negotiation term is used in banking and financial sectors also. Negotiation in this type of industry refers to the acceptance of any sort of transaction or future buy and sells financial instruments. In addition, it is observed that financial instruments are mainly facing negotiation process in the trading terms. However, contracting segments are looking for making proper compensation of the client and involved parties. Contracts are adopting negotiation actions in terms of making proper bidding of transactions. However, negotiation will be increasing outcomes of contract policies. Negotiation is involved in the trading processes also. Mainly in the globalised era, organisations are making proper negotiation in terms of trading the different instruments and commodities

The role of Crooks and accounting for his hopelessness Essay Example for Free

The role of Crooks and accounting for his hopelessness Essay John Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California in 1902. His father worked for the local government in Monterey County, and his mother was a schoolteacher. His most famous books were written in the 1930s and 1940s, and are set in California. John Steinbeck wrote the novel Of Mice and Men in 1936, around the time of mass unemployment such as America and Europe had not experienced before. At the time Steinbeck was a young man, he wanted to write about the difficulties millions of Americans like himself were being faced with. There was a boom time in 1920s America, and there was work to do and fortunes to be made but in the 1930s came a time of unemployment and poverty. Black people suffered a great deal worse than white people in the Depression. In large numbers they left the southern states, hoping to find work in the north. When they got there they realised there was no work there either and racism was just as common. In the novel set in South California, we are introduced to the only black man on the ranch and through this man Steinbeck aims to portray the relationships between black and whites in America. Crooks is named because of his crooked spine. Steinbeck develops the character of Crooks, the black stable buck in the fourth chapter, describing him as a, proud, aloof man. He kept his distance and demanded that other people kept theirs. Crooks as we see is bitter, angry and frustrated by the hopelessness of a black man in a racist culture. Crooks is constantly reminded he is inferior to white and, out of pride, he refuses to take part in their future dream. Crooks is made to live in a separate place to the other ranch workers, his place on the ranch is permanent. He is not a migrant worker and has been able to collect a few possessions together. Crooks possessed several pairs of shoes, a pair of rubber boot, a big alarm clock and a single-barrelled shotgun. And he had books too, a tattered dictionary and a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905. There were battered magazines and a few dirty books on a special shelf over his bunk. A pair of large gold rimmed spectacles hung from a nail on the wall above his bed. His possessions tell us quite a bit about him, both as an individual man and as a representative of black people at this time. His belongings tell us that he was an intellectual man and could read, we know this because of the many books he has, so it was made obvious he could read. He also owned a single-barrelled shotgun, which was for his own protection, which is understandable in his position. He also kept a California civil code for 1905 that would keep him updated of his rights as a black man in society. Everybody also calls Crooks, the nigger. Steinbeck gives some idea of how common racism was by the fact that ranch men dont intend to insult Crooks as a man when they call him nigger, but they are constantly reminding us that black people were degraded in the was everyday. Nigger was used casually as a commonplace name and is shows the hurt it directs and causes for black people. Candy says, They let the nigger come in that night. Little skinner name of Smitty took after the nigger. Done pretty good, too. The guys wouldnt let him use his feet, so the nigger got him. If he coulda used his feet, Smitty says he woulda killed the nigger. This quote suggests that they use Crooks for entertainment and he is used as a source of fun at his expense. This shows the way in which Crooks is treated and the reason he wont socialise with the other men. Candy also says to George, The boss gives him hell when hes mad, referring to Crooks. This explains the way the boss also treats Crooks. He takes his anger out on him when hes in a bad mood. Crooks cant stand up for himself because hes black and the boss realises that Crooks is too weak a character in the society they live in to do anything so this accounts for Crooks hopelessness against the white men. Crooks also suffers from the extrmes of loneliness on the ranch, A guy goes nuts if aint got nobody. Dont matter no difference who the guy is, longs he with you. I tell ya a gets too lonely an he gets sick. The only relationship he can find is with his books. Crooks experiences isolation from the other men because the society he lives in is racist. He is made to live on his own in the barn and cant join in many social activities. The words, dont matter no different who the guy is, longs he with you shows that Crooks would work for nothing, as long as he could communicate with others. Crooks can also identify that although Lennie relies on George, George also relies on him to be a friend and the fact that Lennie is retarded makes no difference because they have something all other workers are envious of Friendship. Crooks realises that because of his physical difference he is submitted to racial discrimination which blocks him from ever achieving a relationship between the men on the ranch and he accounts for his hopelessness at ever finding friendship. Crooks is a very lonely character, he is an outcast because not only is he a cripples but he is black. Most men are prejudiced against him. He has to stay in his room because of his appearance. As Lennie appears in his doorway, Crooks quickly puts his barriers up and says sharply, You got no right to come in my room. This heres my room. Nobody got any right in here but me..I aint wanted in the bunk-house, and you aint wanted in my room. Lennie asks, Why aint you wanted? Cause Im black. This shows how bitter he is and how he has been forced to be separated from the others just because of his appearance. Crooks loneliness is a result of rejection from everyone else on the ranch. He is forced to live alone in a barn, where he lives his life in isolation because of his colour. When Lennie visits him in the room, Crooks reactions reveal the fact that he is lonely. As a black man with a physical handicap, Crooks is forced to live on the border of ranch life. He is not even allowed to enter the white mens bunkhouse, or join them in a game of cards. His resentment typically comes out through his bitter, sad, and touching vulnerability, as he tells Lennie: A guy needs somebodyto be near him. Chapter four focussed on the development of Crooks. Race is the biggest motivation for Crooks anger towards men. He is a proud and obviously the most intelligent character in the novel and he used his intelligence to manipulate Lenniw. Spose George dont come back no more. Spose he took a powder and just aint coming back. Whatll you do then? Crooks is filled with contempt and attempts to make Lennie realise how he would not be able to function without George. He does this because he realises this is the only chance he could get to torment a white men, when he was tormented he become bitter and he enjoyed tormenting a man with a mind of a five year old. He tormented Lennie about his relationship with George because Steinbeck made Crooks purposely discuss it to show how jealous he is and how desperately he wants a relationship like Lennie and George have. When talking to Lennie, Crooks reminisces on his past, I remember when I was a little kid on my old mans chicken ranch. Had two brothers. They were always near me, always there. Used to sleep in the same room, right in the same bed all three. This shows the physical closeness he used to have with other people and with contrast to how now hes isolated and lonely with no one. Crooks tries to make Lennie realise his own isolation. When Candy enters and Lennie and him start talking about the dream, Crooks is sceptical of Lennie claiming to own land, telling him that such dreams will never materialise. Hes negative about the dream at first because he knows people dont look further than the colour of his skin. He starts to wonder why should he be excited about a white mans dream when his own will never happen, Youll talk about it a hell of a lot, but you wont get no land. Crooks changes his attitude towards Lennie when he realises that Lennie has decent intentions and that he is no real threat because of his mentally challenged nature. Crooks softens his rigid contempt and offers to help Lennie and Candy when he thinks they have a chance of achieving a farmhouse. This shows he uses his manner as a defence. if youguys would want a hand to work for nothing just his keep, why Id come an lend a hand. Crooks desperation to get out of his lonely spell prompts him to make such a drastic, but shy, suggestion. Crooks becomes so frantic for a relationship that he offers his services to George and Lennie for free, just to escape his loneliness. Making his dream of acceptance and company hopeful. His attitude soon shifts back to normal as Curleys wife exposes his frailties, characterising him as a crippled character. Curleys wife provides some interesting similarities to Crooks; both are shaped tongued and intelligent, and effected by their minority status at the ranch. She knows the power she wields over men, being Curleys wife and even threatens him with lynching. Listen, Nigger, you know what I can do to you if you open your trap. Suddenly reality catches up with Crooks, Crooks stared at her hopelessly. What was he thinking about living with white people, planning out his dream when they talk to him that way? When Curleys wife leaves he asks the men to leave afterwards because he is upset that he has been reminded of how hopeless he really is due to his physical race. He tries desperately to savage his pride and dignity, Member what I said about howin and doin odd jobs?Well just forget it Curleys wife destroyed and shattered the dreams he had with Lennie and Candy, he was suddenly dawned with the acceptance of his fate and realises that hell never be able to achieve his dreams due to the harsh reality that people cant look beyond his appearance, making him hopeless of ever gaining those dreams.